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1、英语语法主语及主语从句目录主语的表示法 动名词作主语 用it作主语的句子 非人称代词it 用于强调的it 先行主语it it的其他用法 三种类型的主语从句 由that引导的主语从句 由关系代词型what引导的主语从句 there引导的句子 there+动词be there+复合谓语 there+不及物动词 内容主语的表示法 1)名词用作主语:1)A tree has fallen across the road.一株树倒下横在路上。(2)Little streams feed big rivers.小河流入大江。2)代词用作主语:(3)Youre not far wrong.你差不多对了。(4 2、)He told a joke but it fell flat.他说了一个笑话,但没有引人发笑。3)数词用作主语:(5)Threes enough.3个就够了。(6)Four from seven leaves three.7减去4余3。4)名词化的形容词用作主语:(7)The idle are forced to work.懒汉被迫劳动。(8)Old and young marched side by side.老少并肩而行。5)副词用作主语:(9)Now is the time.现在是时候了。(10)Carefully does it.小心就行。6)名词化的介词用作主语:(11)The 3、ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.我们必须承受人生之沉浮。7)不定式用作主语:(12)To find your way can be a problem.你要找到路可能有困难。(13)It would be nice to see him again.如果再见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。8)动名词用作主语:(14)Smoking is bad for you.吸烟对你有害。(15)Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.看电影是乐事,制作影片则是苦事。9)名词化的过去 4、分词用作主语:(16)The disabled are to receive more money.残疾人将得到更多的救济金。(17)The deceased died of old age.死者死于年老。10)介词短语用作主语:(18)To Beijing is not very far.到北京不很远。(19)From Yanan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.从延安到南泥湾骑马要走3个小时。11)从句用作主语:(20)Whenever you are ready will be fine.你不论什么时候准备好都行。(21)Be 5、cause Sally wants to leave doesnt mean that we have to.不能说因为萨利要走因而我们也得走。12)句子用作主语:(22)How do you do? is a greeting.“你好!”是一句问候语。主语可由一个以上的名(代)词等构成,这种主语可唤作并列主语,如:(23)He and I are old friends.我和他是老朋友。(24)The Party and government show great concern for our welfare.党和政府非常关怀我们的生活。并列主语中的第二个主语有时放在句末,表示添补,如:( 6、25)An old woman stood by and an old man.一位老妇站在一旁,还有一个老头儿。英语常用无人称的名词作主语,如:(26)A gun wondered him.有人用枪打伤了他。(27)The happy news brought them all to my home.他们听到这好消息后就都来到我的家。英语还常将表示时间、地点的词用作主语,如:(28)Today is your last lesson in French.今天是你们最后一堂法文课。(29)Tian An Men Square first saw the raising of the Red F 7、lag with Five Stars on October 1st,1949.1949年10月1日天安门广场上升起了第一面五星红旗。和汉语一样,英语的主语有时用得不合逻辑,如:(30)The kettle is boiling.水壶开了。(31)My tent sleeps four people.我的帐篷可睡4个人。有时为了强调或补充,在口语中,说话人往往用名(代)词重复主语,如:(32)He is a nice man, your friend Johnson.你的朋友约翰逊,他是个好人。(33)The poison it has worked.那毒药,它起作用了。(34)To see 8、you after such a long time, that was good.过了这么久又见到你,这太好了。有时重复主语的名(代)词可带有be, have 或助动词,如:(35)It went too far, your game did.太过分了,你耍的花招太过分了。(36)He was happy, he was.他真快乐,真快乐。(he was 亦可单独成句,变为He was)【注】注意在Lion hunter, snake handler, midwife and cook-he has been all those and more(猎狮人、耍蛇人、接生者和厨师,这些以及其他职 9、业,他都干过)这一句中的前4个名词不是主语而是外位成分。动名词作主语 1.动名词可直接作主语:Dancing bored.跳舞使他厌烦。2.有时,动名词前可以有一代词或名词所有格表示其逻辑上的主语:Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞。有时还可名词化,前面带冠词:The reading of the will took place in the lawyers office.遗嘱是在律师事务所宣读的。3.有时可用先行词it作形式主语,而把作主语的动名词放到后面去:Its no use asking 10、 me.用it作主语的句子 1.it 最基本的用法是作人称代词,主要代表刚提到的东西以避免重复:Did the black snake frighten you?Yes,it did.那条黑蛇吓着你了吗?是的。2.也可代表抽象的事物:The government has become very unpopular since it introduced the new tax.该政府自开征新税后就变得很不得人心。3.也可以指动物或未知性别的婴儿:“Is this your dog?”No,it isnt. “这是你的狗吗?”“不是的。”Her new baby is tiny,It only 11、weight 2 kilos.他的新生婴儿很小,只有两公斤重。4.还可代表一个彼此都知道其何所指的东西:Does it itch much?痒得厉害吗?非人称代词it it有时并不指具体东西,而指天气、时间、环境等,称为非人称代词,可以:1.指天气:Its raining (snowing).在下雨(雪)。2.指时间:Its Tuesday today.今天是星期二。3.指环境:It gets very crowded here in the summer.夏天这儿很拥挤。4.指距离:How far is it to Kunming?到昆明有多远?用于强调的it 1.it可用来都句子的某一成分 12、加以强调,例如:Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo last week.可改为许多强调结构:It was Nancy who saw your sister in Tokyo last week.(强调主语)It was your sister whom Nancy saw in Tokyo last week.(强调宾语)It was in Tokyo taht Nancy saw your sister last week. (强调状语)It was last week taht Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo.(强调状语)从这些句子 13、可以看出这类句子的结构是:it+动词be+强调部分+who(m)或that+其他部分这类句子可称为分裂句,这种结构称为分裂结构。2.在强调主语时,可用who(间或用that)引导后面部分:It was Peter who lent us the money.是彼得借钱给我们。Was it you who (that) broke the window?打破窗子的是你吗?若主语是物不是人,则需用that:But here its my word that counts.但在这里是我说了算。3.在强调宾语或介词宾语时,若是人关系代词时用whom,间或用that (a),若是物则需用that (b) 14、: a: Its Tom whom you should ask.你应当问的是汤姆。 Its me that he blamed.她责怪的是我。b:Its money that they want.他们要的是钱。 It was a key that I found there.我在那里找到的是一把钥匙。4.在强调状语时后面多用that:It was on Monday night that all this happened.这一切都是在星期一夜里发生的。Why is it that you object to the idea?你为什么反对这个意见?5.在口语中,who,that这类关系代词 15、有时省略:I think it was Goethe said this.我想这话是歌德说的。It was you I thought of all the time.我一直惦念的是你。6.有些否定句可改为这种强调结构:(1)I didnt hear from her until last summer. It wasnt until last summer that I heared from her. 直到去年夏天我才接到她的信。(2)I didnt do all this for myself. It wasnt for myself that I did all this. 我做这一切 16、并非为了我自己。间或也可变成这种结构:(1)Who called him comrade? Who was it that called him comrade? 谁把他称作“同志”的?(2)Why does everyone think Im narrow-minded? Why is it thateveryone think Im narrow-minded?为什么大家都认为我很小气? 先行主语it 1.it可以用作先行词,作为句子形式上的主语,而把真正的主语移到句子后面去。这可使句子变得更平稳,不致主语太长,显得头重脚轻。这种it称为先行主语。可移到句子后面去的主语最常见的是不定式。句 17、子谓语可有下面几种类型:a: be+形容词+不定式: It is easy to criticize others.批评别人是容易的。(比较:To criticize others is easy.) Its better to be early.早去好一点。(比较:To be early is better.)b: be+名词+不定式 It was his duty to take care of the orphans.照顾孤儿是他的职责。 Its a privilege to visit your country.访问贵国是一大荣幸。c: be+介词短语+不定式: It was agai 18、nst my principle to do that.做这样的事有悖我的原则。 Its beyond me to say why.我无法说明原因。d: 及物动词+宾语+不定式: It cost 100 dollars to repair the car.修车花了一百美元。 It gave me great pleasure to watch them.观察他们给了我很大的乐趣。不定式前有时可有for引导的短语,表示其逻辑上的主语: What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? 什么时候我再来最方便? Its getti 19、ng harder every day for a poor man to get a living.穷人维持生计日益困难。2.用it作先行主语,代表动名词时也不少,这类句子用“be+名词”作谓语时最多(a),也可以“be+形容词”(b)或其他结构(c)作谓语:a: Its no use studying for an exam at the last minute.临时抱佛脚来应考是没用的。 Its no good standing here in the cold.Lets go home.在这寒风中站着没好处,咱们回去吧。b: Is it worthwhile quarrelling w 20、ith him?和他吵价值得吗? Its hopeless trying to convince her.想说服她是没有希望的。c: It doesnt matter waiting a few more days.再等几天没关系。 It doesntmake any difference my being there.我是否在那里无所谓。it的其他用法 1.it还可以表示“是谁(在某处做某事)”Who is that (it)? Its me. (在电话上)“你是哪位?”“是我。”Is that Tom over there?No,it is Peter.是汤姆在那里吗?不是的,是彼得。2. 21、还可以用来泛指某件事:It says here there was a big fair in SoHo.听说梭荷中心有一场火灾。Isnt it awful!真糟糕!三种类型的主语从句 主语从句有三种类型:1.由that 引导的主语从句That he hasnt phoned is odd.他没来电话是很奇怪的。Its certain that prices will go up.物价要上涨是肯定的2.由连接代(副)词引导的主语从句:Why he left wasnt important.他为什么走并不重要。It was uncertain whether he would come or n 22、ot.他来不来还不肯定。3.由关系代词型what或whatever引导的从句:What I want is a canvas travelling bag.我要的是一个帆布旅行袋。Whatever she did was right.他做的一切都是对的由that引导的主语从句 1.这是用得最多的一种主语从句,但把这种主语从句放在句首是很少见的,只有为了强调或谓语较长时才做这样的安排:That prices will go up is certain.物价要上涨是肯定的。That she is still alive is a consolation.她还活着是令人感到宽慰的。2.带先行主语的句 23、子主要有下面几类:a: it+be+形容词+that从句 It is natural that they should have different views.他们有不同观点是很自然的。 It was quite plain that she didnt want to come.我们必须马上离开。b: it+be+名词+名词+that从句: Its a shame (that) youre sick.真遗憾你病了。 Its a pity (that) he cant swim.真遗憾他不会游泳。c: it +动词(+宾语或状语)+that从句: It happened that she w 24、asnt in that day.碰巧那天她不在家。 It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying.我从未想到或许她是在说谎。d: it +动词的被动语态+that从句 Its said that there has been an earthquake in India.据说印度发生了地震。 It was rumoured that he was suffering from a stone in the kidney.谣传说他患有肾结石。e: it+动词be+that从句: It may be that youll prove you 25、rself the most suitable man.或许你会证明自己是最合适的人选。 Is it that the gentleman is not your uncle?是否哪位先生并不是你的叔叔?在口语中that有时可以省略:It was clear his words pleased her.显然他的话使她高兴。Its not our fault this has happened.发生这事不是我们的错。It strikes me Kent is a nice lad.我感到肯特是个好小伙子。由关系代词型what引导的主语从句 1.关系代词型what也常引导的主语从句:What yo 26、u said is perfectly true.你说的完全是实情。What will be,will be.(谚)该发生的事总会发生。2.whatever,whoever这类词也可以引导主语从句:Whatever she did was right.她做的一切都是对的。I didnt think whatever they say amounts to much.我不认为他们说的话有多大价值。there引导的句子 1.there引导的是一种特殊的句子,there放在句首好似主语,但真正的主语在后面,表示“有.”:There is a rainbow in the sky.天上有一道彩虹。这里 27、的there不同于一般的副词there,它读作/,而平常的副词则读作/。there常和后面的动词be或助动词构成紧缩形式,仿佛它是主语似的:Theres no problem.没问题。Theres a car coming.有一辆车开过来了。在构成问句时,there也起主语的作用,但真正的主语在后面:Are theremany parks in the city?城里公园多吗?2.通常动词和主语保持一致:Theres a television in the sitting-room.客厅里有一台电视机。Therere six chairs round the table.桌子周围有六把椅子。如 28、果有两个或更多主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:There was a soft and two armchairs.有一张长沙发和两张小沙发。There is a boy and two girls dancing on the meadow.草坪上有一个男孩和两个女孩在跳舞。有时也可以和所有主语保持一致:There were one or two chaps there.那儿有一两个人。In addition to her,there were Mr. and Mrs.Delby.出了她,还有戴尔比夫妇。there+动词be 1.there引导的句子大部分都以be作谓语动词,可用于各种时态:Where theres a will,there is a way.(谚)有志者事竟成。There was little change in him.他没有什么变化。可有各种灵活 关于英语语法的主语从句 英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。以下是小编整理的关于英语语法的主语从句,一起来看看吧。 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如: It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn't matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。 例如: Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation. 二、定语从句 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。 (一) 限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置。 2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢。 3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是,表示时间“time 7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导。 (二)非限定性定语从句: 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物. 定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人,在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football arefromClass One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who. 比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who. 比如: He is the man who has an English book. 4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 【拓展】定于从句和宾语从句区分 定语从句 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 (1)由That引导,(指人或物),先行词是人或物; (2)由Who引导,(指人),先行词是人; (3)由Which引导,(指物),先行词是物; 举例说明(1)(2):This is the engineer that/who will give us a talk. 特殊情况:引导词只能用That而不用其他。 <1>被序数词或最高级修饰的先行词后边,只能用That; e.g:This is the most interesting story that I have ever read. Xiao Ming is the first forginer that I have know. <2>先行词是不定代词的必须用That; 注意:定语从句中的谓语动词形式与先行词的人称和数保持一致。(这里所说的数是单数或复数形式要与第几人称一致) 宾语从句 宾语从句就是陈述句语序,宾语从句就是由直接引语变为间接引语,或由间接引语变为直接引语。 (1)由That引导(在句子中常被省略) 例:The boy said to this mother “I want to buy a bag.” 这个男孩对他妈妈说,我想买个书包。(直接引语) The boy told this mother (that) he wanted to a bag. 男孩告诉他的妈妈说,他想买个书包。(间接引语) 直接引语变为间接引语时里的动词会有变化,变化方式: 直接引语————间接引语 一般现在时——一般过去时 现在进行时——过去进行时 现在完成时——过去完成时 一般过去时——过去完成时 过去完成时——过去完成时 一般将来时——过去将来时 二、由If或Whether引导(是不是、是否,If在连接宾语从句时是这个意思;连接条件状语从句时,假如、如果) 例:The teacher asked “do you know his name”.(直接引语) The teacher asked me if (或Whether)I knew his name.(间接引语) (注意直接引语变为间接引语动词的时态变化) 特殊情况:只能用Whether,而不能用If。 (1)放在动词不定式前边时: 例:I can't decide whether to buy this pen or that one. (2)放在介词后边时: 例:I worry about(介词)whether I can pass the exam. (3)与“or not”连用时:(一般情况这俩词都是句尾) 例:I don't whether I can help you or not. 三、由疑问词引导的直接引语(原句是特殊疑问句) 例:The teacher asked Liu Xiang “What time is it?”(直接引语) The teacher asked Liu Xiang what time it was.(间接引语) 注意:(时态搭配关系:主句是一般现在时态,从句根据需要可使用任何时态,主句是一般过去时态,从句必须是过去时态中的一种。) 特殊情况:如果宾语从句表示的是一种客观性真理(比如:世界上有一个太阳,有一个地球......)这是宾语从句,主句是一般过去时态的情况下从句仍然是一般现在时态。 If可能连接的是宾语从句也可能是条件状语从句,连的宾语时意思是(是不是;是否)连的是条件状语从句时意思是(假如,如果),连接宾语从句时,时态搭配关系以写出,连接条件状语从句时,主句是一般将来时态,从句是一般现在时态,区分它连的是宾语从句还是条件状语从句,If放在动词后边时,这是连接的宾语从句,其他位置即是条件状语从句。 表语从句 一、何谓“表语”? 说到表语从句,就不得不先说说什么是“表语”。 表语是英语区别于汉语所特有的一种词类,是起表述作用的句子成分: 从形式上讲,它是位于系动词之后的成分; 从含义上讲,它是用来描述主语“是什么或是怎么样”的成分。 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语必须和系动词一起构成系表结构,作为句子的复合谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、形容词化的`现在分词或过去分词以及从句来充当。 二、何谓“表语从句”? 当句子的表语由从句来充当时,这个从句就叫做表语从句。 表语从句一般都是位于系动词之后的。 三、表语从句的连接词 常用来引导表语从句的连接词主要有: that whether what/who/whom/whose/which when/where/why/how及其短语 (一)that 当that引导表语从句时,只起连接作用,不在表语从句中充当任何句子成分。如: His advice is that we should leave for Shanghai before dawn. Her plan is that she will call the police first and then try to stop the thieffromrunning away. 【注意】 当名词主语是表示建议、命令、要求等含义(如advice、order、idea、notion、proposal、suggestion、request等)时,其表语从句中的谓语动词一般要采用“should+do”的形式,should可以省略。如: The officer's order was that all the soldiers (should) never surrender to the enemy. (二)whether 当表语从句要表达“是否”的含义时,连接词要用whether。如: His question is whether they can arrive in London on time. 需要注意的是,尽管if也可以表示“是否”的含义,但在表语从句中只能用whether,不能用if。 (三)what/who/whom/whose/which 这些疑问代词如果用来连接表语从句,既起着连接作用,同时又在从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。如: My concern is what he really expects to getfromus. Her question is who has broken the glass. Our dilemma is which side we should take. Their worry is whom she can rely on. His puzzle is whose money it belongs to. (四)when/where/why/how及其短语 这些疑问副词如果用来连接表语从句,既起着连接作用,同时又在从句中充当句子成分,一般作状语。如: The question is when he will show up at the party tomorrow. He remains where I was last night. That's why he was late for school this morning. Her concern is how he managed to climb into her kitchen yesterday. 【注意】 当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that连接,而不是because。如: The reason why he was late was that he missed the first morning bus. 四、表语从句的特殊连接词 除了以上常见的连接词外,还有一些特殊的连接词可以用来连接表语从句。 (一)(just) as 表示“正如”,经常与表象系动词look/seem/appear搭配使用。如: She looks just as she was ten years ago. (二)as if/though 表示“好像”,也常与表象系动词look/seem/appear搭配使用。如: It looks as if/though it's going to rain soon. 【注意】 这种情况下,as if/though后面的表语从句中的谓语动词一般采用虚拟语气形式,其用法是:该谓语动词的时态要采用相应的过去时态。如: She acts as if/though she were the hostess of this house. They looked as if/though they had lived here for a long time. (三)because 前面讲到why可以用来连接表语从句,其实because也可以用来连接表语从句。如: She is very familiar with the film. This is because she has already seen the film. 【注意】 在这种情况下,尽管since/for/as都可以表示原因,但这三个词不能用来连接表语从句。 【拓展】 名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 1. 连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which.有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2. 连接副词:when, where, why, how.有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。 3. 连接词:that, whether, if, as if.that 无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。 注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether 和if(是否),as if(好像)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if 和as if都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。 二、主语从句 1. 主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2. 用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesn‘t matter so much whether you will come or not. 3. that引导主语从句时,不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 三、表语从句 1. 表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 2. 引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work. 四、宾语从句 1. 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right. 2. 介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或 whether. e.g. I’m interested in whether you‘ve finished the work…… I’m interested in what you‘ve said. 3. whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 (1)宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether. e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain. (2)用if 会引起误解,就要用whether. e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解) (3)宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。 e.g. I don‘t know whether or not the report is true. I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not. (4)介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if.但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether. e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They don‘t know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time. 五、同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 【关于英语语法的主语从句】相关文章: 德语主语从句的用法08-14 高中英语语法主语从句与先行解析07-17 2018专八语法主语从句精讲08-18 英语语法大全之主语篇07-23 幼儿宾语从句英语语法08-23 英语语法大全之不定式主语07-17 考研英语语法定语从句03-08 英语语法之剖析状语从句07-18 考研英语语法之定语从句详解03-08 高考英语语法:时间状语从句解析11-06 名词性从句在句子中的作用主要是充当名词,可以作主语、宾语、谓语和同位语。因此,它在功能上被定义为主语从句、宾语从句、谓语从句和同位从句这四种类型。下面是名词性从句分为哪几种类型的内容,一起来看看。 1. 主语从句 ①对于用连词that引导的主语从句,通常可以用形式主语it代替主语从句。 ②对于关系代词what引导的主语从句,通常直接把主语从句放在句首,有时也可用形式主语it. ③对于用连接代词或副词引导的主语从句,可以用形式主语it代替主语从句,也可直接在句首用主语从句。 2. 宾语从句 (1)在句子中充当宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。当名词性从句用作宾语时,前面的that常被省略,尤其是在非正式写作中。比如:Everyone knows (that) money doesn't grow on trees.众所周知,金钱是不会从树上长出来的。 (2)许多动词(如:believe, know, think等)后面的that也可以省略;但是“that”通常用在“answer”、“imply”等动词之后。它也出现在引用的动词如assure和inform之后。在较长的句子中,特别是当主句与动词分开时,“that”不能省略。第一宾语从句可以省略that,但第二宾语从句不能省略。 (3)虽然从属连词whether和if的意思完全相同,但它们在名词性从句中的使用存在严格的界限。 3.表语从句 这种从句主要说明主语是什么或怎样的句子。表语是由名词、形容词或与相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,与系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句放在系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。 4. 同位语从句 同位语从句主要是用来进一步解释它们所修饰的名词,并说明该名词是什么。同位语从句一般出现在这些抽象名词后面:hope希望,wish愿望,answer答案,fact事实,belief信仰,news消息,idea主意,promise承诺,information信息,conclusion结论,order命令,suggestion建议,problem问题,thought想法,word言语等,说明该名词的具体内容。 同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。同位语从句一般用that, whether, what, which,who, when, where, why, how等词引导。英语语法-主语及主语从句的介绍就聊到这里吧,感谢你花时间阅读本站内容,更多关于英语语法-主语及主语从句、英语语法-主语及主语从句的信息别忘了在本站进行查找喔。
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原文地址:http://www.kuxuanbao.com/post/25577.html发布于:2026-05-15




